1. The biology

Oyster mushrooms grow singly or in clusters focusing consists of 3 parts: cap, blade and petiole. There is funnel-shaped cap bias, spore-bearing blade extends down to the foot, fungal stalk proximal small fine hairs. Young oyster mushroom cap with dark colors or dark, but when mature, the color becomes lighter. Is kind of easy to grow oyster mushrooms, high yield, good food, proper grown on sawdust, bagasse, cotton waste and straw.

About temperature: cold-tolerant fungi: 13 - 20⁰C, heat-resistant group: 24 - 28⁰C, humidity: ≥ 80 % air, substrate (substrate): 65 - 70%, pH = 7; lighting light, wind: the culture period fiber without light, should wind ventilation, fruiting stage may be diffuse light, moderate ventilation, nutrition directly from use of materials or can supplement additive in the material handling process. Production season, the most favorable from October to March calendar.
 

2. Planting materials and processing methods

Material mushroom is popular in Vietnam straw, cotton waste, sawdust. There are 2 methods for handling materials: 

* Compost material (straw and cotton): With the wet dry straw with lime water (ratio: 3.5 kg lime was mixed with 1,000 gallons of water I), after which the pile (the pile must have a minimum volume of 300 kg). Use plastic, pineapple crank around how to create heat. Just after 3 days once oscillations, the number of islands is 3 times (the last time the island just after 2 days of incubation). When the pile island, combining moisture. After 8 days incubation, moisture testing standards: 65% (water only by physical fingerprint is wet), straw pleasant scented, soft, yellow light. If too wet or too dry, or adjust the exposure by adding water, incubated again after 1 - 2 days. 

With cotton material is waste: cotton soaked in aqueous lime fast, clear light, compost pile, compost cover as straw, compost after 12 - 36 hours, depending on the type of good or bad cotton, conducting oscillations, after 2 days incubation is. With composted cotton, the mushroom material to do so, with straw chopped into pieces of 10 - 15 cm to close the bag, seeded. 

* Disinfect materials (all types): Cut short straw 10 - 15 cm liming 15 - 20 minutes, take out and drain 1 - 2 days as wet cotton on scrap; moist sawdust generated, annealed to 4 - 6 days. The materials after inspection to ensure adequate moisture, more mixed with 5 - 10 % rice bran or corn bran. Close ingredients in plastic bag heat, bag weight 1.5 to 2.0 kg/ bag (size 30 x 45 cm), button pockets with button neck cotton waterproof plastic and then put into reducing absorption same as follows: 

+ Autoclave Autoclave pot (pressure cooker) at a pressure of 1 atm, temperature 121 - 125⁰C Celsius in time 120 - 180 minutes. 

+ Absorption in drums (steamed) or the brick oven, check that the temperature reached 95⁰C in the middle of the pocket timers, to conduct engaging during 5-6 hour is. Steaming is done, take the bag out of the room to cool off. 

3. Seeding:

With straw compost pile material, used plastic bags size 30 x 40 cm (autumn) and 35 x 50 cm (winter). Cotton waste, used pocket 25 x 35 cm. The amount of fungus around 40 - 45 kg of seed for 1 ton of dry material. Area seeded fungi need clean, airtight, if possible, prepare a separate room to limit wild mushroom spores in the air pocket fall into fungal contamination. 

How to close the bag, seeded: 1 layer material for 5 - 7 cm into plastic bags folded square bottom, sprinkle a layer around like a bag, do so just enough 3 layers, the top layer sprinkle evenly over the same surface. Grab a cup of drinking water quality cotton with corks or plastic produce bags, rubber bands tightly wrapped cotton button. Bags (bags) were seeded round stretch, moderate compression. With attractive material handling, mandatory inoculation of seedlings or cabinets sterile room.

4. Nursery and slit the bag:

- Nursery: bags of mushrooms were seeded moved into the nursery room, put on rig rates or to direct ground, above the pocket mouth. Sort of ridiculous spaced 2 - 3 cm, the incubate need cool, clean, no light. Silk rearing period lasts about 25 - 30 days depending on the season and weather. The mycelium will grow gradually developed into material creates white uniform, solid bag as well. 

If it does not grow or material contained may not develop due to the wet ingredients or infected. If the bag is blue or black fungus is a fungal infection caused by mold. Such cases are removed and disposed of away from the growing area. 

- Rach bag of mushrooms were well developed after 25 - 30 days (since inoculation), the white mycelium has grown sealed bag, use a knife to sharp incision 4-6 around the incision, incision length 3 - 4 cm, depth 2 - 3 mm, the distance between the incision and evenly staggered. Uninstall button cotton, hand pressed lightly into the bag (if it is not necessary compression bags cotton bags) use rubber band tied close bag. Jump to a care bag, bag mouth facing downwards or fungal suspension to take advantage of the area. The distance between the rope bag or hang from 20-30 cm to the fungi that do not touch each other. 

5. Care and Harvesting:

* Care: after canal irrigation bag only moisturizing base, is 4 - 6 mushrooms begin to sprout can result in incision, this time to conduct watering mushroom bag. In this phase, mushrooms needed moisture, without water, fungal growth stunted, underweight and eat very tough. Conversely, if watered too much, yellow fungus, rot. Average irrigated a day 3 - 5 times depending on specific conditions. After picking out a batch, stop watering about 5 - 7 days later, the fungus to continue phase 2, 3, 4, 5. 

* Collect mushrooms: oyster mushrooms grow in clusters concentrated, so when picking mushrooms sufficiently both clusters. Right age two years will yield, highest quality. Standards are still available at the edge of the cap in coming flatten, flesh thick, firm, and non fat. When preparing fungal spores spread, mushroom picking the right moment is the oldest. If you saw "white smoke" coming out the mushrooms, which are dispersed spores (mushrooms old expression). Mushroom harvest time from 40 - 45 days after the first harvest. Take good care after 2 - 3 early age, our lightweight compression bag for fungal strain, tight, forcing her mouth as old. Treo and follow-up care, when all nutritional substrates, the new all fungi. Note: when picking not to survive the "original" on the bag, if omitted the mushrooms clean structure to the next round of better.

According to the National Agricultural Extension Center